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Number
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pt.013
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Title
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Vida de Santa Maria Egipcíaca
Uida de Sancta Maria egipcia
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Original
Latin source
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Vita de S. Maria Aegyptiaca
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Textual localization
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There are two copies with the translation:
- copy 1: Manuscript with about
twenty different texts entitled
Colecção Mystica de Fr. Hylario da Lourinhãa, Monge Cisterciense de
Alcobaça, o qual transcreveo o seguinte no idioma Portuguez (Códice Alcobacense 266).
- copy 2: manuscript with about 12 texts name 'Ascetic
Treaties' (Códice
Alcobacense 270).
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Language
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Old Portuguese
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Translator
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Witness 1: At the beginning of the Códice Alcobacense 266 it is stated
that the translator of the texts was
Frei Hilário (of which almost nothing is known, except that he came from
Lourinhã and was a monk at the Monastery of Alcobaça - Castro et alii,
1982-83: 5), but this information does not seem reliable. In fact, although paleographically the
manuscript is dated to the fifteenth century, some of its texts have an older
language and there are signs of at least three different scribes. According
to Castro et alii (1982/83: 6), it is possible that the three have worked in
the scriptorium of Alcobaça during
the time D. Estêvão de Aguiar was the abbot of the Monastery (between 1431
and 1446) and that Frei Hilário had the
responsibility to compile the
texts and copy or translate
some. As this specific text is
a copy of a previous translation, it has been copied and not translated into
this manuscript.
Witness 2: It is possible that the scribe was Frei Elói de Ferreira, probably the monk referred by Barbosa Machado in his Bibliotheca lusitana historica,
critica, e cronológica (Vol. I, page 749). About this monk, we only know he was
born in Ferreira do Alentejo and was a monk at the Monastery of Alcobaça. There, he wrote texts like Exercícios espirituaes’ and ‘Vida de
Santa Maria Egypcíaca, e outros Santos’.
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Translation’s
contextualization
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Witness 1 belongs to the Códice Alcobacense
266, a manuscript from the fifteenth century
that is a collection of lives of
saints known by its eighteenth century title: Colecção
Mystica de Fr. Hylario da Lourinhãa, Monge Cisterciense de Alcobaça, o qual
transcreveo o seguinte no idioma Portuguez. With regard
to the Life of St. Mary of Egypt, Sobral (1993: 672-673) considers this text
is a copy a version from the thirteenth or fourteenth centuries that
translated a Latin text.
The witness 2 belongs to the Códice Alcobacense
270, a manuscript of the fifteenth century that is a collection of lives of
saints and other treaties which became known as ‘Tratados Ascéticos’.
Originally, this collection had 12 texts, but today it only has only 11 (the
first text, ‘Doze Mandamentos’ de Atanásio’, and part of the second, entitled
‘Livro de Isaac’, are missing). The text connected with Life of St. Mary of
Egypt is dated from the same period.
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Date
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The dating of the Códice Alcobacense 266 is controversial, because there are significant differences
in terms of the dates for which the researchers point out. Recent studies
indicate that the dating of the
codex is between 1431 and 1446.
This does not mean, however, that this
specific text has been produced at that time, although some researchers argue that the codex was
the result of a unitary project
and that, therefore, all texts were produced on
the same period (see Sobral
1993: 673). In fact, with
regard to this text, it is a copy of a Portuguese version produced at the end
of the thirteenth century or the beginning of the fourteenth. This means it
was produced after this period, but the actual date is has not been defined.
In what concerns the Códice Alcobacense 270, most researchers located
the codex in the late fifteenth
century, although some point to
the fourteenth century. The text will also have been
produced by that time, because it was written on paper, which started to be
used in Alcobaça in this period (Sobral, 1993: 673; Cambraia, 2007: 178-179).
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Place
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Both witnesses have been translated/copied probably in the scriptorium of the Monastery
of Alcobaça, where the manuscripts
where they are inserted were made.
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Changes to the original
work
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Hagiographic text that recounts the meeting
between the monk Zosimus and a promiscuous woman, Mary of Egypt, by the time
she was a hermit and tells him his story of debauchery, her conversion and
her life in the desert. The two Portuguese witnesses, although very similar,
have differences and show some innovations made by the translators /
copyists.
The studies support the conclusion that there is
a missing Portuguese
translation of the Latin text from which emerged two copies - the witnesses 1
and 2. However, while witness 1 was based only on this translation, witness 2
was also based in an existing Latin version from the códice alcobacense 454.
It is thus a text with some differences from the witness 1: it is more faithful
to the Latin text and features some innovations, linked to the oratory
speech, for example (Sobral, 1993: 673).
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List of manuscript witnesses
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There are two witnesses of the text, in the National Library of Portugal.
Witness 1 is inserted between folios
1r and 42r of the manuscript with
the reference ALC. 462 that comes from the Monastery of Alcobaça (Códice Alcobacense 266). There is a microfilm of the manuscript
at the Torre do
Tombo (Mf 185), its previous owner.
Witness 2 is inserted between folios
116r and 133v of the manuscript with
the reference ALC. 461 that comes from the Monastery of Alcobaça
(Códice Alcobacense 270). There is a microfilm of the manuscript at the Torre
do Tombo (Mf. 366 – cota antiga: Alc. 270; nova cota:
Manuscritos da Livraria, nº 771, Casa Forte), its previous
owner.
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List of old editions
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There is a reduced version of the
story in the Portuguese translation of Flos Sanctorum of 1513, existing in
the National Library of Portugal.
There are also two paraphrases in
verse:
- one from Sá Miranda, published by Teófilo Braga:,
Teófilo (1913), A Egipciaca Santa
Maria. Porto: Livraria
Chardron.
- other from Leonel da Costa: Conversão miraculosa da
felice egypciaca penitente Santa Maria sua vida, e morte, em Lisboa, por
Giraldo da Vinha, em 1627 (vide Machado (1741), vol. III, page
9).
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Witnesses’
contextualization
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According to Nunes (1917: 183) and Sobral (1993: 672), it is likely
that the archetype from which the two witnesses descended is a copy of a
Latin translation of the ninth century made at the request of Charles the
Bald, by Paul Deacon of Naples. This archetype is lost but was translated
into Portuguese maybe in the thirteenth Century. We know two texts:
- The Latin version we find in Códice
Alcobacense 454 in the National Library of Portugal. It introduces some
changes towards its model, since it is smaller than the original;
- A Portuguese translation of the thirteenth
or fourteenth centuries. It had some innovations and stylistic effects
that didn’t appear on the original model. This translation is missing but we
have two Portuguese extant copies of it:
- Witness 1: a text in Códice Alcobacense 266, now in the National
Library of Portugal (ALC. 462).
- Witness 2: a copy of the second half of the fifteenth century in
Códice Alcobacense 270, also in the National Library of Portugal (ALC. 461). In
this text, the copyist seeks to correct the translation using the Latin
version of the text that Alcobaça had (códice alcobacense 454). He then
created a new text, similar to the copy of the Códice Alcobacense 266, but
more faithful to the Latin text (and with some innovations).
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Other data
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Witness 1: text in Códice Alcobacense 266, now in the National Library
of Portugal (ALC. 462). The manuscript
is on parchment and it is written in Gothic characters from the late
fourteenth century or beginning of the fifteenth century in a single column
of 30 lines. The initials are colored and decorated with filigree. The leaves
have the size of 263 × 180 mm. The previous owners were Torre do Tombo and
the Monastery of Alcobaça.
Witness 2: text of the second half of the fifteenth century in Códice
Alcobacense 270, also in the National Library of Portugal (ALC. 461). The
manuscript consists of 151 folios (only 148 are known) on parchment (58
folios) and paper (90 folios) with the size of 208 x 135 mm. There are no
ornamentations. It was written in Gothic cursive black letter probably by two
hands (Cambraia, 2001: 8-9) and it is considered a copy of the late fifteenth
century. The previous owners were Torre do Tombo and the Monastery of
Alcobaça.
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Editions
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Partial editions:
Códice alcobacense 266 (witness 1):
Cornu, Jules (1882), "Anciens textes portugais (Vie de sainte Euphrosyne, Vie de sainte Marie
Egyptienne, fragments pieux)", Romania 11, 357-365.
Dias, Epiphanio (1903-05), "Notas críticas a
textos portugueses. I. 'Vida de Santa Euphrosina', 'Vida de Santa Maria
Egypcia'", Revista
Lusitana 8, 179-183.
Castro, Ivo et alii
(1984-85), "Vidas de santos de
um manuscrito alcobacense (II): Vida de Eufrosina, Vida de Santa Maria
Egipcíaca",
Revista Lusitana. Nova Série 5, 56-71.
Códice alcobacense 270 (witness 2):
Nunes, J. J. (1917), "Textos antigos
portugueses VII. [Vida de Santa Maria Egipcia]", Revista Lusitana 20,
184-203.
Other editions:
Corpus Informatizado do Português Medieval: Vidas de Santos de um Manuscrito
Alcobacense - Séc. XIII/XIV, VS7
Olsen, B. Munk (1984), "La
'Vida de Santa Pelágia': une traduction portugaise médiévale et son modèle
latin". In Pélagie la pénitente: métamorphoses d'une legende. Paris:
Études Augustiniennes, 2, 243-277.
Sobral, Cristina Maria Matias (1991), Santa Maria
Egipcíaca em Alcobaça: edição crítica das versões medievais portuguesas da
lenda de Maria Egipcíaca. Tese de mestrado. Lisboa: Colibri.
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Studies
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Online database:
Philobiblon:
Testemunho 1: Texid 1087; Manid 1143; CNum 1071
Testemunho 2: Texid 1087; Manid 1141; CNum 1111
References:
CAMBRAIA, César Nardelli (2005), Introdução à Crítica
Textual. São Paulo: Martins Fontes.
CAMBRAIA, César Nardelli (2007), Tradução em língua
portuguesa do “Livro de Isaac”. Caligrama 12, 171-203.
CAMBRAIA, César Nardelli (2001), “Cinco breves
tratados religiosos alcobacenses: edição semidiplomática (cód. alc. 461)”. Caligrama 6, 7-28.
CANDOLO-CÂMARA, Teresa (2008), Desejo de Deus e
lágrimas - uma chave de leitura monástica para textos de espiritualidade
medievais. In Tessituras,
Interações, Convergências. XI Congresso internacional da ABRALIC, 13 a 17 de julho de 2008.
São Paulo: USP. In http://www.abralic.org.br/anais/cong2008/AnaisOnline/simposios/pdf/044/TERESA_CANDOLO.pdf
CEPEDA, Isabel Vilares (1995), Bibliografia da
Prosa Medieval em Língua Portuguesa. Lisboa: Instituto da Biblioteca Nacional e do Livro,
220-222.
COSTA, Sara Figueiredo (2003), "A construção dos
tempos do ‘passado' em alguns textos do século XV - Sete Vidas de Santos do
Códice Alcobacense 266", Actas do XVIII
Encontro Nacional da Associação Portuguesa de Linguística, 267-273.
FACCON, M. (1994), "Los
manuscritos de la Vida de Santa María Egipciaca en la Península Ibérica: tres
traducciones del siglo XIV y sus fuentes posibles". Tese. Padova:
Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia.
FACCON, M. (1998), "Due traduzioni iberiche della Vida de Santa María Egipciaca. Fonti
possibli", Revista de Literatura Medieval 10,
83-99.
FACCON, M. (1999), "Una
Vyda de Sancta Maria Egipcia e do Sancto Homem Zozimas alcobacense: apuntes
sobre un manuscrito y su edición caídos en el olvido". In Parrilla
García et al., Edición y anotación de textos. Actas del I Congreso de
Jóvenes Filólogos. A Coruña: Universidade da Coruña, 1, 229-240.
JÚDICE, N. (1989), "Maria
Egipcíaca". In Godinho, Helder (ed.) Em Torno da Idade Média. Lisboa: Universidade Nova de Lisboa,
173-183.
MACHADO, A. M. (2006), "A Representação do
Pecado na Hagiografia Medieval: heranças ou uma Espiritualidade Eremítica". Tese de Doutoramento.
Coimbra: Universidade de Coimbra - Faculdade de Letras.
MACHADO, A. M. S. (1988), "Tradição, movência e
exemplaridade na 'Vida de Santa Maria Egipcíaca': Subsídios para o estudo da
Hagiografia Medieval Portuguesa". Tese. Coimbra: Faculdade de Letras
- Universidade de Coimbra.
MACHADO, Diogo Barbosa de (1741), “Bibliotheca lusitana
historica, critica, e cronologica. Na qual se comprehende a noticia dos
authores portuguezes, e das obras, que compuseraõ desde o tempo da
promulgação da Ley da Graça até o tempo prezente”. Lisboa occidental: Officina de
Antonio Isidoro da Fonseca, vol. I.
MACHADO, Diogo Barbosa de (1741), “Bibliotheca lusitana
historica, critica, e cronologica. Na qual se comprehende a noticia dos
authores portuguezes, e das obras, que compuseraõ desde o tempo da
promulgação da Ley da Graça até o tempo prezente”. Lisboa occidental: Officina de
Antonio Isidoro da Fonseca, vol. III.
MARTINS, Ana Maria (1986), "Aspectos da pontuação
num manuscrito medieval português". In Critique
et Édition de Textes. Actes du XVIIe Congrès International de
Linguistique et Philologie Romanes 9. Aix-en-Provence: Université de
Provence, 255-266
RADERMACHER, C. J. E. (1889), Lautlehre
zweier alportugiesischen Heiligenleber (Euphrosyna und Maria aegyptiaca).
Bonn: Universitäts-Buchdruckerei von Carl Georgi.
SNOW (1990), "Notes on
the Fourteenth-Century Spanish Translation of Paul the Deacon's 'Vita Sanctae
Mariae Aegyptiacae, Meretricis'". In Conolly, J. E. et al. (dir.) Saints
and their Authors: Studies in Medieval Hispanic Hagiography in Honor of John
K. Walsh. Madison: Hispanic
Seminary of Medieval Studies, 83-96
SOBRAL (2007), "Hagiografia em
Portugal: Balanço e Perspectivas", Medievalista Online 3.
SOBRAL, C. M. M. (1993), "A imagem da sabedoria
na Lenda de Maria Egipcíaca". In Revista da Faculdade de Letras.
Quinta Série, nº 15, 133-142.
SOBRAL, Cristina M. M. (1993), "Vida de Santa
Maria Egipcíaca". In Lanciani, Giulia e Tavani, Giuseppe (dir.), Dicionário
da Literatura Medieval Galega e Portuguesa. Lisboa: Caminho, 672-674.
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Notes
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Há uma tradução do texto que
aparentemente deriva não do texto latino, mas de uma cópia em vernáculo. Trata-se
de um texto que integra um exemplar português da obra Flos Sanctorum que se encontra na Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal
(Ho flos sanctõ[rum]
em lingoaje[m] p[or]tugue[s]), com a cota RES. 157 A. Esta obra deriva do texto
castelhano da Legenda Aurea de
Jacobus de Voragine e regista a vida de Santa Maria Egipcíaca entre os fólios
56v e 57v. Trata-se de uma edição de 1513 feita em Lisboa que compila mais de
duas centenas de textos. Esta obra é composta por perto de trezentos fólios
(alguns estão desaparecidos e outros estão degradados) a duas colunas em
papel e é encadernada em pergaminho. As folhas têm a dimensão de 263 x 200 mm
e está escrita em gótica, possuindo iluminuras. Anteriormente, a obra
pertenceu a Dom João de Melo Manuel da Câmara Medeiros, Conde da Silvã e Francisco
de Melo Manuel da Câmara (Cabrinha).
There's a translation of the text that apparently derives not from the
Latin text, but from a Portuguese copy. It is a text that is part of a
Portuguese version of Flos Sanctorum
(folios 73V-78V) that is in the National Library of Portugal (Ho flos sanctõ[rum] em lingoaje[m] p[or]tugue[s]), with the reference RES. 157.
This work comes from the Spanish version of Leyenda Aurea of Jacopo de Voragine and the life of St. Mary of
Egypt is between the folios 56v and 57v. This book was printed in 1513 in
Lisbon by Hermão de Campos, who compiles more than two hundred texts. It has
about three hundred folios (some are missing and others are damaged)
illuminated and written in Gothic on paper in two columns and is bound in
parchment. The leaves have a
size of 263 x 200 mm. Previously, the work belonged to Dom João de Melo
Manuel da Câmara Medeiros, Conde da Silvã and Francisco de Melo Manuel da
Câmara (Cabrinha).
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