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Number
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lt.016
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Title
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Visio Tungdali
Visio Tnugdali
Visio Tundali
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Name of the Portuguese translation
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Visão de Túndalo (pt.016)
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Author
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Marcus, a monk of Irish origin.
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Language
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Latin or possibly Irish (León Acosta, 1993: 683; Pereira,
1895: 97).
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Characterization
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Mystical text that belongs to the same genre
of the ‘Divine Comedy’ (it is considered its closest antecedent). It describes the journey that the soul of the Irish knight Tundalus undertakes
to Purgatory, Hell and Paradise, where he experiences
the same joys and
sufferings of the dead. After his vision, the
knight becomes a Christian, distributes
its goods to the poor and
becomes a hermit (Leon Acosta, 1993: 683-684;
García Sánchez, 2010: 355).
As reported by the prologue of the Latin text,
this vision occurred in 1149 and shortly
after was documented in text.
According to Pereira (1895: 98), the text has a reference to St. Bernard
that seems to
indicate that he would still be
alive when Marcus wrote the story. As this saint died
in 1153, the text was probably written between
those two dates.
It is not certain whether the
original text, that was very popular, was written in Latin or Irish. A century after it was written, Vincent of Beauvais
included it in his book Speculum Historiale (book 28, chapters 88-104).
Later, the text was translated in more than thirty languages,
reaching up to now about 250 medieval manuscripts (Leon Acosta 1993:
683; Pereira, 1895).
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Date
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Around the year
1149.
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Place
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According to the prologue of the older versions, it was written in the
city of Regensburg (Germany).
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Extant witnesses
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Among the 16 witnesses of the twelfth century, Mattia Cavagna (http://www.arlima.net/mp/marcus.html), highlights
the following (they belong to group A of witnesses):
1. München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Codices latini monacenses,
22254, f. 117r-138r
2. Trier, Bistumsarchiv, Nr. 29, f. 13r-30v
From group B he highlights the following:
1.
Berlin, Staatsbibliothek und Preussischer
Kulturbesitz, Ms. lat. oct. 100, f. 1v-67r
2.
Bruxelles, Bibliothèque royale de Belgique, 4526-4533
(1880), f. 108r-125v
3.
München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Codices
latini monacenses, 18523b, f. 13v-29v (olim Tegernsee)
4. Troyes, Bibliothèque municipale, 946, f. 50r-68v
In addition, there are at least one hundred and fifty Latin witnesses
documented until the nineteenth century. See Wagner, 1882: IX-XIV; Palmer
1982: 5-10; Pereira, 1895: 99.
In Portugal there is a manuscript, Speculum
Historiale (National Library of Portugal, códice Z-6-3), perhaps from the
fifteenth century, which contains the Visio
Tundali (book 28, chapters 88-104). See Pereira (1895: 99).
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Studies
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Online database:
Arlima:
http://www.arlima.net/no/92
and also
http://www.arlima.net/no/85, http://www.arlima.net/no/99, http://www.arlima.net/no/17,
http://www.arlima.net/no/358, http://www.arlima.net/no/93
References:
GARCÍA SÁNCHEZ, Enrique (2010).
Libros de viaje en la península ibérica durante la Edad Media: Bibliografía. Lemir 14, 353-402.
LEÓN ACOSTA, J. (1993). Visão de
Túndalo. In: LANCIANI, Giulia; TAVANI, Giuseppe. Dicionário da literatura
medieval galega e portuguesa. Lisboa: Caminho, 683-684.
MEARNS, Rodney (1985). The Vision of Tundale, ed. From B.L. MS Cotton
Caligula A II. Heidelberg: Carl Winter.
MUSSAFIA, A. (1871). Sulla vision di
Tundalo. Viena: Sitzungsberichte der Königlichen Academie
der Wissenschaften, philosophisch-historische Klasse 57.
PALMER, Nigel (1982). Visio Tnugdali: The German and Dutch
translations and their circulation in the Later Middle Ages. Munich: Artemis.
PEREIRA, F. M. Esteves (1895), Visão de Tundalo, Revista Lusitana 3, 97-120.
WAGNER, Albrecht (1882). Visio Tnugdali - Lateinisch und Altdeutsch. Erlangen. Verlag von Andreas Deichert.
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